The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 ushered in an era of profound economic and political transformation for the newly independent states of Central Asia. Moving from centrally planned economies to market-oriented systems, these nations have embarked on diverse and often challenging paths of development. While macro-level economic indicators and geopolitical analyses have frequently dominated scholarly discourse, a deeper understanding of the region's emerging business dynamics necessitates a human-centric and contextualized approach. This article provides a comprehensive review of the entrepreneurial landscapes and market dynamics in Post-Soviet Central Asia, focusing on the interplay of historical legacies, socio-cultural factors, institutional environments, and individual agency. Drawing upon a diverse body of literature, including recent case studies from the region, we explore the unique challenges and opportunities faced by local enterprises, the evolving nature of business models, the influence of informal networks, and the complexities of international engagement. By synthesizing these insights, we aim to offer a nuanced perspective on the region's economic metamorphosis, highlighting the importance of decolonized perspectives and micro-level analyses for comprehending its distinct business realities.