This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the export control regulatory frameworks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the United Kingdom (UK). The primary objective is to evaluate their respective effectiveness in preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and regulating the transfer of dual-use technologies. The UAE, a nation that has rapidly emerged as a global economic hub, has incrementally developed its export control regime, transitioning from initial international commitments towards a more robust compliance-oriented approach [1]. This development has been driven by both strategic necessities and a growing recognition of its international responsibilities [3]. In contrast, the UK possesses a long-established and highly sophisticated export control system, serving as a significant reference point due to its entrenched adherence to international non-proliferation treaties and its active participation in various multilateral export control regimes. This study systematically examines the foundational legislative instruments, the practical mechanisms of enforcement, and the persistent challenges encountered by both countries in their efforts to control the export of sensitive goods, technologies, and services. It underscores the dynamic and adaptive nature required of export controls in response to an ever-evolving geopolitical landscape, rapid technological advancements, and complex global supply chains. The analysis highlights critical areas where both nations have demonstrated success and where further refinement and international collaboration are imperative to fortify the global non-proliferation architecture.