Knowledge Of Sunscreen And Sun Protection Among Non-Dermatologist Medical Practitioners In Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Background: Sunscreen is an important component of photoprotection, yet effective use depends on appropriate knowledge of its purposes, protective characteristics and application. Medical practitioners can influence preventive health behaviours, but evidence concerning sunscreen knowledge among non-dermatologist physicians in Nigeria remains limited.
Objective: To assess knowledge of sunscreen and sun protection among non-dermatologist medical practitioners in Nigeria, including recognised reasons for sunscreen use, factors considered relevant to sun protection factor (SPF), sources of information and perceived adequacy of professional training.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among non-dermatologist medical practitioners across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones between June 2024 and May 2025. The structured questionnaire underwent face and content validation by three clinical experts, pilot testing among 20 non-dermatologist medical practitioners, and internal consistency assessment (Cronbach's α = 0.81). The final analytical sample comprised 97 respondents. Aggregated item-level responses were analysed descriptively using frequencies and percentages.
Results: Minimising sunburn was the most frequently identified reason for sunscreen use (82.5%), followed by preventing skin cancer (61.9%), improving skin health (58.8%), reducing the risk of other skin conditions (53.6%) and preventing premature ageing (48.5%). Ingredients (62.9%) and application method (55.7%) were the most frequently identified factors considered to influence SPF. Dermatology colleagues were the leading reported source of sunscreen information (55.7%), followed by medical school education (43.3%) and social media (42.3%). Only 44.3% agreed or strongly agreed that they were adequately trained and informed about sunscreen use and recommendations, whereas 54.6% disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Conclusion: Knowledge of sunscreen among non-dermatologist medical practitioners varied across the domains assessed. Although several core purposes of sunscreen were widely recognised, less consistent knowledge was evident across other photoprotection concepts, and more than half of respondents did not consider themselves adequately trained and informed. Strengthening evidence-based photoprotection content within undergraduate medical education and continuing professional development may improve professional preparedness for sunscreen-related preventive advice.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Christabel A. Ovesuor, Kennedy Oberhiri Obohwemu, Daniel Ikechukwu Oseji, Solomon Obiadi Anigbamkpu, Phina Chinelo Ezeagwu
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