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Frontiers in Medical and Clinical Sciences

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Prevalence and Pattern of Sex Enhancement Drug Use Among Adult Males in Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

DOI https://doi.org/10.64917/fmcs/Volume03Issue04-01
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Favour Nkami Eyong 1 Ologun Toluwanimi Oreoluwa 1 Emilia Nwamaka Nwaojei 1 Emmanuella Ojoagefu Onoja 1 ORCID iD Esther Arikpo Kedeayei 1 ORCID iD Lawal Folabomi Funmilola 1 ORCID iD Ebere Favour Chigushime 1 Christabel Osazele Aguinede 1 ORCID iD Charles Chinedum Onyeagbako 1 ORCID iD Ojo Bolorunduro Joseph 1 ORCID iD Shaba Oluwatosin 1 Chioma Precious Unogu 1 ORCID iD Ojo Opeoluwa Joseph 1 ORCID iD Woko Goodness Nkesi 1 ORCID iD Ifeanyi Praise Onyekachi 1 ORCID iD Ndanusa Mohammed Bala 1 Kennedy Oberhiri Obohwemu 1 ORCID iD Gordon Mabengban Yakpir 1 ORCID iD Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe Iyevhobu 1 ORCID iD Gabriel Olaoluwa Abayomi 1 ORCID iD Chisom Lucky Emeka 1 Leonard Nnamdi Meruo 1 ORCID iD Festus Ituah 1 ORCID iD Nera Perpetual Kadiri-Eneh 1 ORCID iD Jennifer Adaeze Chukwu 1 ORCID iD Kenechukwu Ginika Okolo 1
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS. Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS , Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, Faculty of Health, Wellbeing & Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, GBS Partnership, Birmingham Campus, United Kingdom; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MPH, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Health Science, Edo State University, Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research and Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, Department of Health, Wellbeing & Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, GBS Partnership, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit/Health Promotion, Disease Prevention and Control Cluster, World Health Organisation Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MHPM, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dental Public Health, D’ Dentist Place Dental Clinic, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Oral Pathology, D’ Dentist Place Dental Clinic, Owerri, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, School of Health and Sports Science, Regent College, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, School of Public Health, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom
4 PhD, World Health Organization, United Nations House, Abuja, Nigeria; and Department of Multidisciplinary Studies & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Sexual Health Hertfordshire, CLCH NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; and Department of Multidisciplinary Studies & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Sex enhancement drug consumption has become increasingly visible across several African settings, yet community-level prevalence data remain limited. This study examines the prevalence and pattern of sex enhancement drug use among adult males in Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed among 362 adult males aged 18–65 years selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed with SPSS version 27.0. The prevalence of lifetime use of sex enhancement drugs was 38.7%. Alcohol 26.0% and local herbal preparations 21.3% constituted the most frequently reported substances, followed by orthodox pharmaceutical agents 9.1% and nutritional supplements 5.8%. Usage was largely occasional, with 26.5% reporting use 1–2 times and 1.9% reporting daily use. Most users reported use within marital or regular partnerships 17.4%, though a proportion reported use with casual partners 13.5%, sex workers 11.9%, and women they struggled to win 5.5%. The dominant source of procurement was roadside vendors 81.4%. The findings reveal substantial community-level engagement with sex enhancement substances, characterised by informal acquisition and episodic consumption. These results highlight the need for structured sexual health engagement strategies that address patterns of non-medical performance enhancement within community settings.

How to Cite

Eyong, F. N., Oreoluwa, O. T., Nwaojei, E. N., Onoja, E. O., Kedeayei, E. A., Funmilola, L. F., … Okolo, K. G. (2026). Prevalence and Pattern of Sex Enhancement Drug Use Among Adult Males in Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Medical and Clinical Sciences, 3(4), 01–11. https://doi.org/10.64917/fmcs/Volume03Issue04-01
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