Optimizing Power Efficiency in Accessible Prosthetic Hands: A Load-Adaptive Two-Speed Transmission Design

Dr. Chenhao Liu; Dr. Martina Schaefer

Authors

Dr. Chenhao Liu Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Dr. Martina Schaefer Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Germany

Keywords:

Prosthetic Hand Design, Power Efficiency, Two-Speed Transmission, Load-Adaptive Mechanism, Assistive Technology, Energy Optimization, Biomechanics, Grip Performance, Low-Cost Prosthetics, Mechatronic Systems

Abstract

Energy efficiency and functional adaptability remain key challenges in the design of prosthetic hands, particularly for low-cost and battery-powered applications. This study introduces a novel load-adaptive two-speed transmission system engineered to enhance power efficiency and grip versatility in accessible prosthetic hands. The mechanism automatically switches between high-torque and high-speed modes based on the applied load, enabling efficient execution of both precision and power grasps without manual intervention. Through kinematic modeling, actuator optimization, and hardware prototyping, the design demonstrates significant improvements in energy consumption and mechanical responsiveness compared to conventional single-speed systems. Experimental validation shows up to 35% reduction in energy usage under dynamic grip conditions while maintaining comparable force output. This innovation offers a practical and scalable solution for improving the functionality and longevity of prosthetic hands, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

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