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Advanced Energy Harvesting Framework Using Graphene-Based Electrodes In Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Systems

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Dr. Ryan Clarke ¹ Dr. Alicia Browne ¹

⁴ Department of Public Health Barbados Medical Sciences Institute Bridgetown, Barbados

⁴ Faculty of Internal Medicine West Indies Clinical University Speightstown, Barbados

Abstract

The increasing global demand for renewable and sustainable energy technologies has intensified research into advanced photovoltaic systems capable of overcoming the efficiency and stability limitations of conventional silicon-based solar cells. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology due to their low production cost, flexibility, environmental compatibility, and capability to operate under low-light conditions. However, conventional DSSCs still encounter critical limitations associated with charge recombination, electrode instability, low electron mobility, and limited energy conversion efficiency. This research and review article presents a comprehensive analytical framework focused on advanced energy harvesting using graphene-based electrodes within dye-sensitized solar cell systems. The study critically examines the operational principles, structural configurations, charge transport mechanisms, and material interactions influencing DSSC performance. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of graphene and graphene-derived nanostructures as conductive electrode materials to enhance photovoltaic efficiency, electron transport kinetics, and long-term operational stability. The review synthesizes existing literature concerning quantum dot sensitization, natural pigment sensitizers, nanophotonic enhancement, Shockley–Queisser efficiency considerations, and second-generation luminescent concentrator mechanisms. Furthermore, the article develops a theoretical framework linking graphene conductivity, optical transparency, catalytic behavior, and interfacial engineering with energy harvesting optimization. The findings indicate that graphene-based electrodes significantly improve charge transfer resistance, enhance light absorption efficiency, and contribute to improved thermal and electrochemical stability in DSSC architectures. The paper concludes that graphene-enabled DSSC systems represent a viable pathway toward scalable, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable photovoltaic technologies suitable for future smart energy infrastructures.

How to Cite

Clarke, D. R., & Browne, D. A. (2026). Advanced Energy Harvesting Framework Using Graphene-Based Electrodes In Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Systems. Frontiers in Emerging Computer Science and Information Technology, 3(02), 29–36. Retrieved from https://irjernet.com/index.php/fecsit/article/view/405

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