The professional nail industry in the United States supports more than 375,000 licensed nail technicians and generated approximately $12.9 billion in revenue in 2024. Despite this scale, sanitation and occupational health standards remain fragmented across state regulatory frameworks, creating gaps that expose both clients and practitioners to preventable risks. This article examines current evidence on infection prevention, chemical exposure control, and nail health protection in professional nail settings, drawing on peer-reviewed literature, federal regulatory guidance from OSHA and NIOSH, and the author's structured career methodology developed for practice in the U.S. beauty industry. The analysis compares state-level regulatory requirements, reviews clinical data on onychomycosis prevalence and acrylate sensitization, and evaluates practical disinfection protocols. Findings show that systematic pre-service screening, EPA-registered disinfection, single-use tool policies, and controlled chemical exposure collectively reduce infection and sensitization risk. The author's five-component protocol, formalized in the methodology "How to Build a Nail Tech Career in the USA," demonstrates measurable improvements in client retention and service quality. This article will be of value to nail technicians, salon owners, cosmetology educators, and public health regulators engaged in setting or applying professional beauty safety standards.